The Country Systems Reports provide comprehensive information on regulatory systems for licensing and enforcement at the national, provincial, and local level in eight countries. "Licensing" refers to the process of imposing legally-binding environmental & social management and mitigation obligations with which developers must comply during the full life of a project (such as a new road, factory, or power generating facility) if the project is approved after the environmental and social impact assessment (EsIA) process. The enforcement of licensing obligations is weak in many countries, yet is critical to preventing adverse project impacts.